The Government

II.1 Strategic Outcome: The Government

Good governance and effective institutions for First Nations, Inuit and Northerners, built on co-operative relationships.

Comprises the following Program Activities (as per PAA):
II.1.1 Governance
II.1.2 Institutions
II.1.3 Co-operative Relationships
II.1.4 Northern Governance

Financial Resources ($ millions)	Planned Spending	Total Authorities	Actual Spending
Governance	59.5	76.6	75.9
Institutions	477.0	496.0	482.7
Co-operative Relationships	222.7	224.8	179.2
Northern Governance	13.8	18.1	8.7

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Human Resources (Full-time Equivalents)	Planned	Actual	Difference
Governance	47	55.4	8.4
Institutions	297	221.6	75.4
Co-operative Relationships	528	423.4	104.6
Northern Governance	58	37.1	20.9

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Note: As per Treasury Board Guidelines, the full-time equivalents shown here represent an estimate of resources devoted wholly to this Strategic Outcome plus a pro-rata share of Departmental Management and Administration (dollars and full-time equivalents) based on the department's actual spending. In some cases, this number may appear high due to the very nature of the department's business, that is, managing financial relationships with service delivery largely devolved to our partners.

II.1.1 Program Activity – GOVERNANCE

Description

Fostering stronger governance through supporting legislative initiatives, programs and policies, and administrative mechanisms that foster stable, legitimate and effective First Nations governments and Inuit communities that are culturally relevant and accountable to their citizens.

Deliverables and Time Lines — Expected Results and Outputs

PRIORITY: Working in partnership with First Nations, Inuit and Northerners in fostering good governance, effective institutions and co-operative relationships

Expected Result 1: Accountable Governments
More accountable First Nations governments and Inuit communities develop and/or make better use of governance tools.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Development of community redress mechanisms. Number of First Nations and Inuit communities funding requests for governance-related projects.	Increased requests for governance-related training.	Five training courses were provided for First Nation Electoral officers. A workshop was developed to assist First Nations in the development of comprehensive election codes and to address weaknesses in their current codes. Four First Nations (M`Chigeeng, Duncan`s Kawacatoose and Tsawwassen) each developed a custom election code that was approved. Subsequently, these First Nations, by order of the Minister, were removed from the application of the electoral provisions of the Indian Act. Under the Professional and Institutional Development Program, First Nations implemented over 140 governance-related initiatives, in areas such as bylaws, elections, training, strategic plans, leadership and financial management. The First Nation Electoral Officers Association — a professional association of officers conducting elections in First Nation communities — was instituted.
Number of self-government and community constitutions ratified.	Increased number of self-government and community constitutions ratified.	The Carcross Tagish Self-Government Agreement was signed in October 2005.
Implementation of First Nations and Inuit policies and local laws.	Increased transparency with respect to adoption and implementation of First Nations and Inuit policies and local laws.	Approximately 75 First Nation Councils and 5 enforcement agencies received By-law training this year.
Number of First Nations and Inuit governments/ communities operating under self-government agreements.	Increased number of First Nations and Inuit operating under self- government agreements.	The following Self-Government Agreements became effective in 2005–06: Kwanlin Dunn in April 2005, Tlicho in August 2005, Labrador Inuit Association in December 2005 and Carcross Tagish in January 2006.
Output: Support First Nations and Inuit in the implementation and maintenance of accountability mechanisms and the development of governance models.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Number of governance projects and activities supported.	Increasing number of governance projects supported.	The Department supported various accountability initiatives, such as those that developed financial and accountability codes which are used to govern the activities of band councils and band staff.
Output: INAC staff working collaboratively to assist First Nations and Inuit in the implementation and maintenance of accountability mechanisms and the development of governance models.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Level of collaborative interaction on governance projects and activities.	Increasing number of First Nations and Inuit requests for assistance.	The Alberta region governance team, comprised of departmental officials and First Nation representatives, was established to enhance professional First Nations public services and provide support for governance initiatives.
Expected Result 2: Cooperation, Collaboration, Aggregation and Awareness
Effective, efficient and responsive First Nations governments and Inuit communities with strong capacities and critical mass.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Demonstrations of cooperation, collaboration, aggregation and awareness through partnerships, information-sharing and aggregations.	Creation of new national and regional institutions. Increased level of information-sharing. Increased number of aggregations.	Support was provided for the development of the Distributed Knowledge Sharing (DKS) web-based initiative.
Output: Support and maintain networking among First Nations or Inuit, and develop governance models.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Instances of networking among First Nations or Inuit, or of collaboration with other governments; implementation of governance models at an aggregate level.	Increase in networking among First Nations or Inuit, and exploration of aggregation/ collaboration opportunities.	Financial support was provided to two Band Manager workshops in Alberta that brought together managers from a number of First Nations.
Output: Establishment of aggregated groups or organizations representing First Nations and/or Inuit communities.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Approval of agreements that support the aggregation of individual communities or service populations.	INAC consideration and negotiation of funding agreements based on aggregations where requested.	Funding was continued for the development of Treaty area education commissions in Alberta.
Expected Result 3: Funding Agreements and Fiscal Relations
Funding agreements that are matched to First Nations and Inuit governance capacity and that are responsive to community priorities and show increased transparency, predictability and accountability.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Funding agreements are appropriate to recipients' needs.	Ongoing review of appropriateness of funding agreements.	The framework was developed for a suitable funding instrument for the First Nations Tax Commission. The framework recognized the Commission's status as a shared-government corporation as well as the accountability framework embodied in the First Nations Fiscal and Statistical Management Act (FNFSMA). A new multi-year funding agreement was developed for use by aboriginal organizations. Work continued on the development of the First Nations and Inuit Transfer Payments (FNITP) System with input from First Nation representatives. Phased implementation of the system will commence December 2006.
Output: Development of a more coherent and transparent Intervention Policy with participation from First Nations Representatives.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Approved policy.	Approval by June 2005.	Work continued on the development of The Intervention Policy and its approval is expected by April 2007.
Output: Assessment of need for additional types of funding authorities.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Approval of Departmental Audit and Evaluation Branch (DAEB) AFA/FTP evaluation results.	Approval by June 2006.	The evaluation, complete with recommendations and action plan, was posted on INAC's web site.
Recommendations and action plan to be developed in response to AFA/FTP evaluation.	To be completed by March 2007.	The implementation of the action plan began and is anticipated to be completed by 2007.

How did these accomplishments support the priority?

Funding Instruments: A review of funding authorities available to the department revealed that there was a need for a multi-year Comprehensive Funding Agreement for use with recipients other than First Nations and Tribal Councils.

Intervention policy: The review of intervention policy is focusing on exit strategies and the need for addressing capacity issues. New approaches have been developed to enhance First Nations participation in the intervention processes. A formal evaluation of the policy will be performed once fully implemented, in fiscal 2009–10.

Areas for improvement: There is an opportunity to significantly reduce reporting requirements and improve the effectiveness of First Nations government through the development of a new grant-based program in support of comprehensive community plans, subject to robust eligibility criteria. This assessment mechanism is an essential risk management tool and would thus limit the use of this program to top-tier recipients.

II.1.2 Program Activity – INSTITUTIONS

Description

Assists First Nations to meet the costs of local and self-government and the administration of departmentally funded services. This support is intended to provide a stable funding base for institutions that are well populated by First Nations and Inuit, to facilitate effective community governance and the efficient delivery of services.

Deliverables and Time Lines — Expected Results and Outputs

PRIORITY: Working in partnership with First Nations, Inuit and Northerners in fostering good governance, effective institutions and co-operative relationships

Expected Result 1: Cooperation, Collaboration, Aggregation and Awareness
a) Increased effectiveness of institutions through cooperation, collaboration and aggregation with or among First Nations or Inuit, and with other governments.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Demonstration of cooperation, collaboration, aggregation and awareness through partnerships, information-sharing and aggregations.	Creation of new national and regional institutions. Increased level of information-sharing. Increased number of aggregations.	Increased the level of information sharing for the Aboriginal Financial Officers Association (AFOA) and its regional chapters. Four new institutions were established pursuant to the First Nation Fiscal and Statistical Management Act (FNFSMA). The new institutions include a First Nations Tax Commission, a First Nations Financial Management Board, a First Nations Statistical Institute and a First Nations Finance Authority. In 2005–06, the National Centre for First Nations Governance was formally established.
Expected Result 1: Cooperation, Collaboration, Aggregation and Awareness
b) First Nations, Inuit and public awareness of institutions and their roles through use and education materials.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Demonstration of awareness of institutions and their roles.	Increased levels of awareness of institutions and their roles.	Information packages on the four FNFSMA institutions developed and distributed.
Output: Identifying successful institutional models and sharing information on best practices with respective First Nations and Inuit communities.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Level (quantity and quality) of departmental documents on institutional models and best practices that are distributed.	Number of regional and national Initiatives to support institutional development by March 2006.	A Compendium of Institutional Models was developed and shared with INAC-HQ and Regional officials.
Level of distribution and accessibility of departmental documents on institutions and their functions.	Ongoing documentation of institutional models and best practices. Mechanisms to ensure broad distribution and accessibility of information by March 2006.	A Compendium of Institutional Models was developed and shared with INAC-HQ and Regional officials.
Output: Continue to develop an inventory of First Nations and Inuit institutions to determine the support networks that exist and to identify gaps.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
An inventory of local, regional and national institutions.	Completion of the inventory by March 2006.	An inventory of organizations supporting the development of a First Nations Public Service, and an inventory of Aboriginal organizations, associations, institutions, resources centres, agencies and businesses was developed.
Expected Result 2: Creation and Support of Institutions
With First Nations and Inuit, creation and support of local, regional and national institutions that address issues of public administration.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Level (percent, number and quality) of development and implementation of new institutions.	Increasing levels of development and implementation of new institutions.	Increased the level of information sharing for the Aboriginal Financial Officers Association (AFOA) and its regional chapters.
Output: Drafting of legislation for consideration by Parliament. Within INAC, implementation activities to establish new institutions.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Establishment of new institutions related to fiscal and statistical matters, governance and implementation of land claims agreements.	Establishment of the fiscal and statistical institution in fiscal year 2005–06. Establishment of an independent First Nations Governance Centre in 2005–06. Establishment of new institutions related to the Tlicho and Labrador Inuit Association Agreements in 2005–06. Establishment of a functional Inuit Relations Secretariat in INAC by June 2005	The First Nations Fiscal and Statistical Management Act came into force on April 1, 2006. In 2005–06, the National Centre for First Nations Governance was formally established. The following institutions were created: a bilateral finance committee, a renewable resources board and a land and water board. No institutions were developed pursuant to the Labrador Inuit Association Agreement in 2005–06. A functional Inuit Relations Secretariat was established April 1, 2005.
Output: Increased communication and understanding within First Nations and Inuit communities, INAC, other government departments, provincial and territorial governments, and others with respect to changes being brought about by the development of institutions and strengthened First Nations and Inuit public administration.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Interpretation of available data to assess level of communication and understanding. Number of fora for sharing information and best practices.	Analysis of the interpretation of available data by 2006. Identify what fora exist and what gaps exist.	Information packages on four Aboriginal Financial Officers Association (AFOA) institutions were developed and distributed.
Expected Result 3: Institutions of a Professional Capacity
Institutions' professional public servants who provide sound advice and who implement decisions.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
In fields of mutual interest, the percentage of First Nations and Inuit public servants who meet agreed-upon standards.	In fields of mutual interest, increasing the percentage of First Nations and Inuit public servants who meet agreed-upon standards.	Work continued to provide capacity building and support to Aboriginal Institutions.
Output: Financial support to institutions for training and professional development.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Level (percent, number and quality) of strengthened First Nations and Inuit professional associations.	Development of mechanisms to measure the indicator by March 2006.	Work continued on the development of mechanisms to measure the indicator.
Number of participants in professional training.	Search existing databases to determine progress in professional development by March 2006.	Ongoing.

How did these accomplishments support the priority?

First Nations lead the initiative to establish four institutions under the First Nations Fiscal and Statistical Management Act. The new institutions include a First Nations Tax Commission, a First Nations Financial Management Board, a First Nations Statistical Institute and a First Nations Finance Authority. These institutions support sustainable and accountable First Nations through the provision of services and capacity development in property taxation, financial management, access to private capital and the use of statistical information.

II.1.3 Program Activity – CO-OPERATIVE RELATIONSHIPS

Description

Building co-operative and productive intergovernmental and Treaty relationships with First Nations and Inuit to optimize the pursuit and attainment of shared objectives; the reconciliation of Aboriginal and other interests through researching, assessing, negotiating and implementing claims and self government agreements; the furthering of common understanding regarding the historic treaty relationship; and developing legislative and administrative arrangements that reflect evolving governance capacities and relations.

Definition of Terms Specific claims are historical claims made by a First Nation against Canada relating to the administration of land and other Indian assets or the non-fulfilment of historic Treaties. Special claims are claims by Aboriginal groups that do not meet the tests of existing claims policies, but for which there may be compelling legal and policy reasons to negotiate a resolution, and for which a Cabinet mandate must often be obtained. Comprehensive claims are modern treaties involving unsettled issues of Aboriginal rights and title, with particular emphasis on the ownership, use and management of lands and resources. Aboriginal self-government arrangements are negotiated under Canada's Inherent Right Policy (either as a stand-alone self-government negotiation or as part of a comprehensive claim). Implementation measures are measures with respect to arrangements that may arise on occasion from any of the types of negotiations noted above. Resolution of issues refers to issues arising from litigation or arbitration initiated by Aboriginal groups. Historic Treaties are agreements made between the Crown and First Nations between 1701 and 1923, which focused initially on military alliances and later on orderly settlement of the land.

Deliverables and Time Lines — Expected Results and Outputs

PRIORITY: Working in partnership with First Nations, Inuit and Northerners in fostering good governance, effective institutions and co-operative relationships

Expected Result 1: Historic Treaties
a) Strengthen Treaty relationships at Exploratory Treaty Tables (ETTs) and Treaty Commissions with First Nations.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Jointly produced ETTs and Commission reports, studies and recommendations on common understandings of Treaties.	Establishment of and support for the work of ETTs and Treaty Commissions (ongoing) where such work is jointly mandated. Mandates of the Office of the Treaty Commissioner and ETT in Saskatchewan will be discussed with First Nations leading to a new mandate in 2007.	Canada worked with the Federation of Saskatchewan Indians (FSIN) to conduct consultations and develop an outline of a new Mandate for the Office of the Treaty Commissioner for 2007. Milestones have been met and the work is continuing. Work also continued at the Saskatchewan Exploratory Table in the areas of justice, natural resources and hunting/ trapping/ fishing/ gathering.
Joint research in support of discussions at ETTs as established in annual ETT work plans.	Joint research projects carried out.	The OTC in Saskatchewan held a number of consultation sessions with First Nations elders, leaders, community members, and technical staff, as well as with federal officials, on how treaties might be implemented in Saskatchewan today. Both FSIN and Canada assisted with this research. Joint work plans for Treaty 6 and 8 are in place, funded for joint activities.
Expected Result 1: Historic Treaties
b) Canadian public understands the significance of historic Treaties.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Level of participation by professionals, the public and members of First Nations in Treaty education programs.	Canadian public that broadly understands historic Treaties and supports them.	In Saskatchewan, the Treaty Commissioner visited 26 First Nations communities for Treaty days, and treaty education. The Speakers Bureau addressed 6550 residents of the province of Saskatchewan concerning the importance of treaties, historically and in the current environment, in building relationships in the province. Over 3000 teachers, First Nation and non-First Nation, were trained to use the “Teaching Treaties in the Classroom” resource kit. Alberta region actively partnered with First Nations to coordinate Treaty annuity payments with Treaty commemorative occasions.
Level of participation in Treaty anniversary commemorations, Treaty days and other public celebrations of Treaty renewal.	A high level of participation among First Nations and the Canadian public in Treaty anniversary commemorations, Treaty days and similar celebrations.	The Treaty Commission participated in Gatherings for Treaties 4 and 6, and the RCMP anniversary celebrations, and made a special presentation to the Saskatchewan Legislature recognizing the place of treaties in governing structures.
Expected Result 1: Historic Treaties
c) Engagement in the collaborative development of new Treaty Commissions.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Establishment of an Alberta Treaty Commission with First Nations.	Discussions with Alberta First Nations and the Province of Alberta to seek consensus support to establish a Treaty Commission in Alberta.	Discussions were held in Winter 2006 towards a consensus on the terms and conditions of the establishment of a Treaty Commission in Alberta.
Output: Initiate Manitoba Treaty Commission.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Commissioner appointed and Commission commences activity.	Commission commences activity prior to March 31, 2006.	The Treaty Relations Commission of Manitoba unofficially commenced prior to March 31, 2006 with its official opening in May 2006.
Output: Commemoration of centennial of Treaties 9 and 10.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Commemoration ceremonies take place.	Ceremonies scheduled for summers of 2005 and 2006.	Nishnawbe Aski Nation (NAN) celebrated the centennial commemoration of the signing of Treaty 9 in July 2005 and August 2006. Le Conseil de la Première Nation Abitibiwinni held its centennial commemoration of the signing of Treaty 9 on June 7, 2006. Resources have already been transferred to Meadow Lake First Nations for the Treaty 10 commemoration activities to be held August 28, 2006.
Output: Public education.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Course material developed and workshops delivered.	Course materials and workshops delivered by March 2006.	Teachers, First Nations and Non First Nations were trained.
Expected Result 2: Specific and Special Claims
a) Outstanding historical lawful obligations addressed through specific claims negotiations among First Nations, federal and provincial governments.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Conclusion of negotiations result in settlements. Reduced number of outstanding specific claims.	Process completed within the timeframes established in individual protocol agreements. Reaching settlement, resulting in a reduced number of outstanding specific claims.	18 claims were resolved, thereby reducing outstanding lawful obligations.
Expected Result 2: Specific and Special Claims
b) Special claims addressed through negotiations among First Nations, federal and provincial governments.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Reduced number of outstanding special claims.	Reaching settlement, resulting in a reduced number of outstanding special claims.	One special claim was resolved through negotiations and there was ongoing progress in negotiations in others.
Expected Result 2: Specific and Special Claims
c) Specific Claims Resolution Centre (SCRC) established, understood and used by First Nations.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
First Nations use of SCRC. Survey of First Nations as to their understanding of role of SCRC process.	SCRC decision about implementation of Specific Claims Resolution Act (SCRA) by March 2006.	The decision was taken not to implement the SCRC at this time.
Output: Federal participation in negotiations.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Federal negotiation teams engaged in accepted claims.	Ongoing.	Ongoing.
Output: Development of policy and mandates.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Annual review of negotiation tables and federal negotiator contracts. Measurement of progress on specific negotiations against work plans.	Effective federal participation at productive negotiation tables.	The annual review of negotiation tables and federal negotiator contracts was completed in February 2006 with a report to the Minister. Ongoing.
Output: Implementation of the SCRC.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
SCRC established and operational.	SCRC decision about implementation of SCRA by March 2006.	The decision was taken not to implement the SCRC at this time.
Expected Result 3: Comprehensive Claims and Self-Government Agreements
Reconciliation, through negotiation with the provinces, First Nations and Inuit, of the pre-existence of Aboriginal societies with the sovereignty of the Crown. Certainty over ownership and use of land and resources; and predictability and clarity for the implementation of self-government by First Nations. Successful conclusion of comprehensive land claims agreements and self-government agreements with First Nations and Inuit communities.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Achievement of key milestones toward the conclusion of comprehensive land claims and self-government agreements, e.g., final agreements, agreements-in-principle (AIPs), incremental Treaty agreements, interim measures agreements, framework agreements.	Full engagement by First Nations, provincial and federal governments in Atlantic (Marshall) claims-like process negotiations by 2008–09. Conclusion of Yukon Umbrella Final Agreement process in 2005–06. Conclusion and ratification of final agreements at lead negotiation tables. Governance AIP — signing of Anishinabek Nation Governance AIP, spring/summer 2005. Completion of the Deliné self-government jurisdictional negotiation by June 2005. Completion of draft final self-government agreement by December 2005. Tlicho and Labrador Inuit Associations land claims and self-government agreements effective by summer 2005 and winter 2006 respectively. Completion of negotiations for the Maa-nulth, Lheidli T'enneh, Sliammon and Tsawwassen final agreements in British Columbia by March 2006.	The East Cost Strategy: • Negotiations continued in 2005–06 toward a Framework Agreement in Nova Scotia. • In March 2006, the Province of New Brunswick and the Assembly of New Brunswick Chiefs committed to a Tripartite process. • Work was ongoing to establish a Prince Edward Island specific process on local issues by Fall 2006. • In Gaspé, exploratory discussions were held with the Mi'gmawei Mawiomi Assembly and Quebec toward an Agreement. Final and Self-government Agreements were signed with the Carcross/ Tagish First Nation. On November 15, 2005, the Nunavik Inuit Land Claims Agreement was initialled, and the parties have commenced their respective ratification processes. The Anishinabek Nation Governance Agreement-in-Principle was completed in Spring 2005. Internal review and approval process underway. The Deline self-government jurisdictional negotiation was completed except for one outstanding issue. Tlicho`s Agreement came into effect August 2005. Labrador Inuit Associations` Agreement came into effect December 2005. The Akwesasne Governance Framework Agreement was signed in June 2005. The Miawpukek (Conne River) Self-Government Framework Agreement was signed in April 2005. Agreements-in-Principle were signed with British Columbia and the Yale First Nation and BC and the Yekooche First Nation enabling those tables to begin Final Agreement negotiations regarding comprehensive claims and self-government. A Framework Agreement was signed with BC and the Musqueam First Nation to allow that table to move to the AIP negotiation stage.
Output: Participation at productive negotiations. Development of policy and mandates.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Access to negotiation resources and development of negotiation mandates. Annual review of negotiation tables and federal negotiator contracts. Measurement of progress at specific negotiation processes against bilateral/ tripartite work plans. Availability of more efficient policy options for addressing Aboriginal and Treaty rights as a result of federal dialogue with Aboriginal organizations and provincial/ territorial governments.	Effective federal participation at productive negotiation tables.	The annual review of negotiation tables and federal negotiator contracts was completed in February 2006 with a report to the Minister.
Expected Result 4: Implementation of Comprehensive Claims and Self-Government Agreements
a) Implementation plans and fiscal agreements negotiated to accompany final agreements with First Nations, Inuit and provincial governments.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Signed implementation plans and fiscal agreements.	Process completed within the timelines established in individual work plans. Re-start Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Implementation Contract Negotiations before March 2006.	The Carcross Tagish Final Agreement Implementation Plan, the Self-Government Agreement Implementation Plan and the Self-Government Financial Transfer Agreement were signed in October 2005. The Labrador Inuit Association Fiscal Financing Agreement was signed in November 2005. The five-year Inuit Human Resources Agreement with the Inuit of Northern Quebec was signed. A five-year agreement respecting the implementation of the JBNQA related to housing in Nunavik was signed. A five-year operations and maintenance agreement with the Naskapi Nation of Kawawachikamach was signed. Justice Thomas Berger was appointed as conciliator for the Nunavut Land Claim Agreement Implementation Contract negotiations (May 2005). Justice Berger presented to the Parties the Conciliator's Final Report: Nunavut Land Claims Agreement Implementation Planning Contract Negotiations for the Second Planning Period.
Expected Result 4: Implementation of Comprehensive Claims and Self-Government Agreements
b) Implement land claims and self-government agreements.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Tabling in Parliament of annual reports detailing implementation activities.	Implementation activities carried out in accordance with the implementation plans and agreements.	Work continued with the department's Aboriginal and Provincial/Territorial government partners in implementing various provisions of Final Agreements as per associated implementation plans. No annual reports were tabled in Parliament in 2005–06 due to the calling of federal elections.
Periodic comprehensive reviews of the implementation.	Complete reviews within the timelines established for renewal in the plans and agreements.	Work began on the second five-year review of the Implementation of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement. Work continued on the Yukon 9-year review and renewal.
Output: Development of negotiation positions and participation in negotiations.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Conclusion of implementation plans and renewal of implementation plans.	Completed agreements in relation to the United Anishnaabeg Councils (UAC) and Deliné self-government agreements and four agreements in British Columbia.	Work was completed on the UAC Implementation Plan and Intergovernmental Transfer Agreement and associated self-government documents. The package was sent to UAC communities for ratification (summer 2005). The subsequent ratification vote was unsuccessful. Progress continued on the Deline Final Self-government Implementation Plan and Financial Transfer Agreement. Progress continued on the negotiation of Implementation Plans and Financial Transfer Agreements for the Maa-nulth, Lheidli T'enneh, Sliammon and Tsawwassen Complehensive Land Claim Agreements.
Output: Implementing agreements and providing funding.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Implementation of land claims and self-government agreements.	Implementation of all land claims and self-government agreements (ongoing).	Work continued with our partners in the implementation of all land claims and self-government agreements. Nationally, 30 implementation plans are being implemented.
Transfer of funding in accordance with financing agreements.	Funding in accordance with obligations (ongoing).	Work continued with our partners in the implementation of all land claims and self-government agreements. Nationally, 19 financial transfer agreements are being implemented. Ongoing funding was provided to boards and committees established pursuant to comprehensive land claims agreements.
Output: Participating in multi-party monitoring processes and tracking the fulfilment of implementation obligations.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Reporting to other parties on federal implementation activities through joint implementation bodies. Systematic tracking of federal implementation activities.	At least once a year, and as otherwise agreed to (ongoing). Discussion with partners on the development of a results-based reporting approach as recommended by the Auditor General (ongoing). Maintenance of a database (ongoing).	The department participated, along with our partners, on 12 implementation committees related to land claims and self-government agreements. A results-based management workshop was developed and delivered in Whitehorse for our First Nations and Territorial Implementation partners. Work began on a results-based pilot project with the Tlicho and Northwest Territories governments regarding the implementation of the Tlicho Agreement. Modifications to the Land Claims Obligation System continued to ensure system is suited for activities. Input of information from new agreements into system (LIA, Yukon, and Tlicho) began.

How did these accomplishments support the priority?

An increased understanding of historic Treaties provides the basis for a strengthened and forward-looking partnership with First Nations. Resolution of specific claims helps to establish a foundation for co-operative relationships with respect to Treaty rights and other historical lawful obligations. By negotiating and concluding comprehensive land claims and self-government negotiations, Aboriginal groups and both federal and provincial/territorial governments are provided the opportunity to define their relationships instead of leaving it to the courts. It reflects the reality that co-operative relationships with Aboriginal peoples must be underpinned by addressing Aboriginal and Treaty rights. The successful implementation of these agreements supports and continues co-operative relationships among all parties.

II.1.4 Program Activity – NORTHERN GOVERNANCE

Description

Supports strengthening northern governments through devolution of province-like responsibilities, effective intergovernmental mechanisms and management of strategic issues, as well as strengthened intergovernmental cooperation internationally on circumpolar issues.

Deliverables and Time Lines — Expected Results and Outputs

PRIORITY: Working in partnership with First Nations, Inuit and Northerners in fostering good governance, effective institutions and co-operative relationships

Expected Result 1
A comprehensive Northern Strategy for Canada's three territories.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Achieved key consensual milestones on strategy.	Ongoing 2005–06.	Work continued throughout 2005-06 within the federal system and with northern governments to develop a northern strategy. Work ceased with the dissolution of Parliament in November 2005.
Output: Development and implementation of final strategy framework and associated actions.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Completion of a successful consultation process.	Consultations completed and information fed into framework development process by spring 2005.	Consultations, led jointly by the federal and territorial governments, were undertaken in the spring of 2005. In addition, Northern Strategy trust funds ($40 million per territory) were established through the 2005 Budget.
Development and implementation of Strategy.	Launch Northern Strategy by mid-2005.	The change of government shifted the focus of the work that had taken place on the northern strategy. Findings of the consultation process initiated as part of the northern strategy development process will inform the government's long-term commitments to northern development.
Expected Result 2
Devolution of provincial-like responsibilities to northern governments.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Achieved key milestones in the devolution of provincial-like responsibilities to northern governments.	Ongoing 2005–08.	Work continued towards advancing the devolution files.
Output: Negotiation of an agreement-in-principle (AIP) and final devolution agreement in the Northwest Territories.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Approved AIP and approved mandate to negotiate the final devolution agreement.	Completion of the AIP targeted for spring 2005. Approved mandate to negotiate a final devolution agreement, summer 2005. Final devolution agreement, end of 2006.	A number of issues including resource revenue sharing associated with the fiscal imbalance issue remained unresolved during 2005-06. As a result the AIP was not concluded. A mandate to negotiate a final devolution agreement would be obtained upon completion of the AIP.
Output: Negotiation of Nunavut devolution.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Approved mandate to negotiate a devolution agreement.	Approved mandate to negotiate an agreement, December 2005.	A draft mandate was prepared but was not approved due to the change in government.
Appointment of a Chief Federal Negotiator.	Chief Federal Negotiator, winter 2006.	This is linked to the approval of a negotiation mandate.
Expected Result 3
Enhanced capacity to manage circumpolar and global issues that affect the Canadian North, and enhanced capacity to capitalize on emerging socio-economic opportunities in the circumpolar region.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Increased abilities, knowledge and capabilities with respect to capitalizing on emerging socio-economic opportunities.	Ongoing 2005–08.	INAC support resulted in enhanced capacity of Territorial and Aboriginal representatives and organizations to participate in circumpolar fora, including the Arctic Council and its working groups.
Output: Enhanced network of effective international institutions and bilateral and multilateral relationships to facilitate circumpolar cooperation.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Canadian participation in upcoming meetings of the Arctic Council Senior Arctic Officials (SAO) under the Russian chair; ongoing support for northern and Aboriginal peoples to participate in the work of the Arctic Council and to engage in Arctic cooperation with Russia.	Planning and development of content for Senior Arctic Officials; two meetings planned annually for the period 2005–08.	INAC supported the participation of the 3 Canadian Aboriginal Permanent Participants and continued Secretariat policy and technical support to support Canada's AC Senior Arctic Officials at meetings in April 2005 and October 2005.
Output: Key Canadian priorities advanced under the Russian Chairmanship of the Arctic Council.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Engage in proposed Arctic Council activities during the period of the Russian chair; integrate the findings of the Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR) and the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) into the work of the Arctic Council; participate in the follow-up to the AHDR and ACIA and in implementation of the Arctic Marine Strategic Plan (AMSP).	Facilitate the interdepartmental consultative process to secure Canada's engagement in key Arctic Council initiatives during the two years of the Russian chair, beginning with the first SAO meeting in spring 2005.	INAC continued to support the Canadian priorities advanced under the 2004-06 Russian Federation Arctic Council Chairmanship by: • facilitating an interdepartmental/ intergovernmental consultative process to reflect Government of Canada policy priorities/interests in its engagement in the following key areas: the Arctic Human Development Report, Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, and the Arctic Marine Strategic Plan; • providing key support in the operations of the Canada-hosted permanent Secretariat for Arctic Council Sustainable Development Working Group, as well as participation in SDWG meetings in April and October 2005 and March 2006 and an SDWG workshop in March 2006.
Output: Strengthened linkages between northerners of Canada and Russia.
Indicators	Targets/Timing	Actual Results
Support of the establishment of the Circumpolar Association of Municipalities (CAM) and the Circumpolar Chamber of Commerce (CCC); targeted seminars and transfer of know-how to Russian partners in socio-economic monitoring, corporate governance in the oil and gas sector, and intergovernmental relations.	Founding meeting of CAM, February 2005; coordination of the next workshop on federalism, law and Aboriginal peoples in Irkutsk, eastern Siberia, September 2005; develop, by December 2006, a viable monitoring system to assist Russian regional governments to monitor socio-economic, environmental and other factors affecting Aboriginal peoples in the Russian North; establish a Canada–Russia Business Services and Information Centre in March 2005; support the process of establishing the CCC, to be initiated in 2005, as well as the development of a CCC Action Plan.	Linkages between northerners of Canada and Russia were strengthened through support for the following activities: • the founding meeting of the Circumpolar Association of Municipalities; • a workshop entitled “New Actors in Northern Federations” in Moscow, Russia, December 2005; • a follow up Mission to Novosibirsk, Russia in March 2005 on the development of a Socio Economic Monitoring System for the Siberian Federal District; • the establishment of the Canada Russia Business Services Centre in Novosibirsk in March 2005; • continued dialogue with Russian partners on the establishment of a Circumpolar Chamber of Commerce and planning a follow up meeting to develop the Action Plan.

How did these accomplishments support the priority?

The successful development of an agenda for the North will provide a common and coherent framework to guide economic, social and environmental progress in the region. It will to improve decision-making and enhance coordination both within the federal government and inter-governmentally by identifying shared goals and facilitating priority setting between federal and territorial governments.

INAC facilitates the engagement of Northerners in circumpolar co-operation, strengthening the capacity of Northerners to participate in the governance of international issues that affect them. INAC's activities in the circumpolar region contribute to good governance by ensuring that the international dimensions of Canada's northern agenda are being addressed, both multilaterally and bilaterally. INAC plays a key role in coordinating Canada's participation in the Arctic Council, which is the focal point of Canada's efforts to address common concerns and challenges faced by Arctic governments and people. Under the Canada–Russia Agreement on Co-operation in the Arctic and the North, and within the framework of the Northern Dimension of Canada's Foreign Policy, INAC continues to strengthen international co-operation with circumpolar neighbours as a means of taking advantage of emerging commercial opportunities, while sharing northern best practices and promoting sustainable development across the circumpolar region. These accomplishments demonstrate INAC's focus on working in partnership with territorial governments and Northerners to build effective governance structures and to address key issues affecting the North through international action.